Neptune – 3D space magnet – Planets of the Solar system

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Neptune

This image of the planet Neptune comes from the American probe Voyager 2, which was taken during its flyby in 1989. In addition to the so-called "Large Dark Spot", smaller, bright spots can be seen. These are strong storms in the atmosphere that can reach speeds of up to 2,000 km per hour. In more recent images from the Hubble Space Telescope, however, the Great Dark Spot is no longer visible. Astronomers therefore assume that this phenomenon was only temporary, of short duration.

Neptune is the eighth and last gas giant in the solar system. It cannot be entered either. It is somewhat smaller than Uranus. Uranus and Neptune both look blue, but with Neptune the color is even stronger. Neptune also has rings. Two of them are quite big, a third ring is hardly visible. It has twelve small and one big and especially interesting moon - the Triton.

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Uranus – 3D space magnet – Planets of the Solar system

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Uranus

This view of the planet Uranus shows it in so-called false colors, which do not correspond to its real colors. In this way it is easier to see the nature of the atmosphere. Uranus is a huge gas planet, its diameter is four times the size of Earth. Like Saturn and Jupiter, one cannot enter it. It has 11 rings and 27 moons. The colour comes from hydrogen, helium and methane, from which its clouds are composed.

Uranus can hardly be seen from Earth with the naked eye and it is difficult to observe it with a telescope because it is far away and very faint. In contrast to other planets, the north and south poles are not above and below, but left and right - Uranus lies on its side and "rolls" on its orbit around the sun.

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Aurora Borealis – 3D space magnet – Planets of the Solar system

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Aurora borealis

This artistic representation shows a polar light on an exoplanet. Northern lights are light phenomena that can be seen in the regions around the northern and southern poles at dark nights. They occur when electrically charged particles emitted by the sun (the so-called solar wind) hit the earth's atmosphere along the magnetic field lines and, through their high energy, excite and light up the molecules of the air.

These phenomena are well to see to the naked eye. They are available in red, blue and green colours. In the northern hemisphere they are called Aurora Borealis (northern dawn), in the southern Aurora Australis (southern dawn). The first photographs of northern lights on Earth were taken by Martin Brendel and Otto Baschin on 1 February 1892.

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Extrasolare planets – 3D space magnet – Space flight and Men into space

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Extrasolar planets

Planets that lie outside our solar system and orbit another star are called "extrasolar planets" or "exoplanets". This artistic representation shows the star "Kepler 9" with two planets about the size of Saturn.

It is very difficult to find exoplanets, as they are very far away from Earth and weak in light. With today's telescopes it is not possible to take pictures of exoplanets. Therefore, these exotic bodies can only be detected indirectly, for example by measuring how the gravity of such a planet pulls against the star it orbits, or by measuring the loss of light that occurs when an exoplanet passes in front of its star. The first exoplanet was discovered in 1992.

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Probe Mariner 2 – 3D space magnet – Space flight and Men into space

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Probe Mariner 2

This is an artistic representation of the American Mariner 2 probe, the world's first space probe to study the planets of our solar system. It was launched on 27 August 1962 to explore Venus. On December 14, 1962, the probe flew past Venus and conducted investigations of its atmosphere. It transmitted all data to Earth and thus passed on the information it had collected.

The most important result of Mariner 2 was the discovery of the solar wind, a stream of electrically charged particles coming from the outer layers of the Sun and then ejected from the surface of the Sun at high speed. On Earth, we do not perceive the solar wind because our planet is protected by a magnetic field. This is why the solar wind could only be detected by a space probe outside the Earth's magnetic field.

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Footprint on the Moon – 3D space magnet – Space flight and Men into space

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Footprint on the moon

Edwin Eugene Aldrin, Jr., called Buzz Aldrin (born January 20, 1930 in Montclair, New Jersey), is a former U.S. astronaut. He was a member of the Apollo-11 crew and entered the moon as the second man shortly after Neil Armstrong. On July 20, 1969, Buzz Aldrin photographed his footprint in very fine dust on the lunar surface. He also did this to record the properties of the very fine moon dust in an image. It is similar to cement dust. The edges are razor sharp, and nothing trickles from the sides into the footprint.

Because there is no atmosphere on the moon, the footprints of the twelve astronauts who were on the moon will still exist for millions of years before they are gradually leveled by tiny, dust-grain-sized meteorites.

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Walk on the Moon – 3D space magnet – Space flight and Men into space

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Apollo 11, walk on the moon

In July 1969, the Apollo 11 mission brought the first humans to the moon. The photo shows Buzz Aldrin, the pilot of the lunar ferry, walking on the moon. Since the moon has no atmosphere, there is no air to breathe and it is extremely cold in the shade, while things shone by the sun immediately become very warm and hot. So people need a protective suit to enter the moon. The astronaut suit protects the body from frostbite and from the pressure of the vacuum in space. It is also equipped with an oxygen device that allows astronauts to breathe like divers under water.

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Space Shuttle Atlantis – 3D space magnet – Space flight and Men into space

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Space Shuttle Atlantis

The picture shows the launch of the space shuttle Atlantis for flight STS-115 on 9 September 2006 from Cape Canaveral in Florida to the International Space Station. That was the 27th flight of the space shuttle Atlantis. The space shuttle is brought into space by a carrier rocket. As soon as it has reached a certain height, the launch vehicle is launched and the space shuttle flies on alone. After its mission, the space shuttle returns to Earth and lands like a normal plane.

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Space Shuttle – 3D space magnet – Space flight and Men into space

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Space Shuttle Discovery

This image shows the Space Shuttle Discovery during maintenance work on the Hubble Space Telescope in Earth's orbit. The space shuttle looks like a large aircraft. It even carried entire satellites. The complete ceiling of the space shuttle can be opened so that the satellites can be retrieved and deployed in space. Sometimes the astronauts of a space shuttle collected broken satellites, repaired them and returned them to Earth orbit.

One of the most important tasks of the Space Shuttle was the transport of large individual parts into Earth orbit, from which the International Space Station, the ISS, was assembled. In July 2011, the last Space Shuttle flew into space - after 30 years, the fleet of the space transport system was decommissioned.

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International Space Station (ISS) – 3D space magnet – Space flight and Men into space

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Space station

This picture shows the International Space Station ISS above Earth. There have been plans for such a space station since the 1980s. The ISS has been under construction since 1998. It is currently the largest artificial object in Earth's orbit. At present, it rotates around the Earth every 91 minutes at an altitude of 380 km. The picture shows a Soyuz space capsule approaching from below, bringing three astronauts to the space station.

The ISS has everything you need in a house. Astronauts can sleep, eat and do experiments in it. Some astronauts even live in the space station for over a year. Since there is weightlessness on board the space station, the astronauts float through the rooms and have to buckle up to sleep.

The ISS has now reached the maximum dimension of about 110 metres by 100 metres by 30 metres. It is to be operated at least until 2020.

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